Which type of cells are classified as eukaryotic?

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having membrane-bound organelles, including a distinct nucleus that contains their genetic material. This classification includes a wide range of organisms, with plant and animal cells being the most familiar examples.

Both plant and animal cells possess complex structures such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, in addition to their nuclei — features that are hallmarks of eukaryotic cells. Plant cells further have chloroplasts for photosynthesis and a rigid cell wall, both unique characteristics pertaining to their eukaryotic classification.

In contrast, fungi, while also eukaryotic, do not fit into the specific examples given in the correct option, and bacteria and viruses are not considered eukaryotic. Bacteria are classified as prokaryotic due to their simpler cell structure lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while viruses are acellular entities that cannot be classified within the eukaryotic system as they do not possess cellular structures at all.

Therefore, the classification of plant and animal cells as eukaryotic is a fundamental aspect of biology that highlights their complexity and the diversity of life forms that exist in this category.