What is the primary structural role of tubulin in cellular biology?

Tubulin plays a crucial role in cellular biology primarily by forming microtubules, which are hollow tubes approximately 25 nanometers in diameter. These microtubules are integral components of the cytoskeleton, providing structural support to cells and playing key roles in maintaining cell shape, facilitating intracellular transport, and enabling the separation of chromosomes during cell division.

The hollow structure of microtubules allows for flexibility and stability, making them essential for various cellular processes. Microtubules are involved in the movement of organelles and vesicles within cells, as they serve as tracks along which motor proteins can travel. Furthermore, they are critical during mitosis and meiosis, as they form the spindle fibers that separate sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes, ensuring accurate distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.

In summary, tubulin's primary structural role is centered around its ability to assemble into microtubules, which are vital for cellular architecture and function.