What are chromosomes comprised of?

Chromosomes are primarily composed of long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins, specifically histones. This structure allows the DNA to be compacted and organized within the cell nucleus. The DNA contains the genetic information essential for the development and functioning of an organism, while the proteins play critical roles in DNA packaging, regulation of gene expression, and maintaining chromosome structure.

This combination of DNA and proteins ensures that the genetic material can be efficiently stored and accessed when needed for processes such as replication and transcription. Understanding this composition is fundamental to studying genetics, cell division, and overall cellular function.